Macbeth/Ultimately Responsible For His Downfall Essays (916 words)

Macbeth/Ultimately Responsible For His Downfall William Shakespeare's Macbeth is a tragedy about a war hero named Macbeth, who follows his ambition with evil and who is repaid with evil. Macbeth has influenced many works of literature through its conflicts between good and evil; heroes and villains; loyalty and treachery; and ambition and morality. In the story, Macbeth is ultimately responsible for the actions that lead to his fate. Although the witches' predictions are responsible for influencing Macbeth's thoughts, no one tells Macbeth to kill Duncan. Macbeth is responsible for putting power into the hands of Lady Macbeth and letting her influence him. Finally, Macbeth acknowledges his guilt of wrongdoing and is thereby responsible for his actions. Macbeth's ambitions spur him on to follow an unstated yet clearly understood plan to kill Duncan. Although the witches' predictions initiate Macbeth's desire to become king, no one tells him to kill Duncan. When the second prophecy becomes a reality, Macbeth immediately thinks of murdering Duncan. ?I am of Cawdor: / If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose image doth unfix my hair? (I, iii, 143-145). For the first time in the story, we see a dark side to the brave and courageous Macbeth. Macbeth sees himself kill his ruler. Macbeth is horrified by the idea but his thoughts of going after his destiny still remain. Another example of Macbeth's early thoughts of treachery occurs when Duncan formally names his son Malcom as his successor. ?Stars, hide your fires; / Let not light see my black and deep desires: / The eye wink at the hand! yet let that be, /? (I, iv, 57-59). Macbeth is vexed at the Duncan's choice of successor and wishes to overleap the situation with murder. No one helps Macbeth's thoughts to prepare for the murder of Duncan. It is Macbeth and Macbeth only wh o is responsible for his own ambitions. Macbeth is eager to become king and wishes to reach his goal by any means, even if this means letting himself be influenced by others. Macbeth is responsible for putting power into the hands of Lady Macbeth and letting her influence him. Lady Macbeth tries to persuade Macbeth to kill Duncan but it is Macbeth who listens to her demands. ?This night's great business into my dispatch; / Which shall to all our nights and days to come / Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom? (I, v, 75-77). Macbeth could have told his Lady to stop her plans. Instead, he lets himself be influenced. Macbeth puts power into the hands of Lady Macbeth by letting her arrange Duncan's murder. ?Will it not be received, / When we have mark'd with blood those sleepy two / Of his own chamber, and used their very daggers, / That they have done't (I, vii, 82-85). Macbeth agrees with the plan, determined to win the throne. If Macbeth truly did not want to commit evil, he could have refused his Lady's arrangements. Instead, Macbeth accepts the plans and goes further by asking Lady Macbeth to ?mock the time with fairest show? (I, vii, 91). Although so metimes Macbeth wants the murder of Duncan, other times his thoughts show the contrary. Macbeth recognizes the thoughts of killing Ducan are immoral. Macbeth's is conscious that is thoughts are evil, yet he does nothing to correct the situation. ?My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, / Shakes so my single state of man that function / Is smother'd in surmise; and nothing is / But what is not? (I, iii, 149-152). If Macbeth were mentally deranged he would not be responsible for the outcome of his actions. However, Macbeth shows that he has a conscience and that he can differentiate good from evil. In privacy, Macbeth re-thinks his plans to kill Duncan. Macbeth, reveals that he knows what he is about to do is immoral, and that justice will be repay him with evil. ?We still have judgment here; that we but teach Bloody instructions, which being taught return To plague the inventor: this even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poison'd chalice To our own lips. He's here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed: then, as his

Definition and Examples of the Figures of Speech

Definition and Examples of the Figures of Speech The figures of speech are the various rhetorical uses of language  that depart from customary construction, word  order, or significance.  Figures of speech, Gleaves Whitney has observed, are  all of the ways in which human beings bend and stretch words to heighten meaning or create a desired effect (American Presidents: Farewell Messages to the Nation, 2003). Common figures of speech include metaphor,  simile, metonymy, hyperbole, personification, and chiasmus, though there are countless others. Figures of speech are also known as figures of rhetoric, figures of style, rhetorical figures, figurative language,  and schemes. Although the figures of speech are sometimes regarded as simply  ornamental additions to a text  (like candy sprinkles  on a cake), in fact they serve as integral elements of style and thought (the cake itself, as Tom Robbins points out). In the  Institutes of Oratory  (95 AD), Quintilian says  that  the figures, used effectively, are exciting to the emotions and give  credibility to our arguments.   For examples of the most common figures, follow the links at The Top 20 Figures of Speech. Also see Examples and Observations below. For definitions of well over 100 figures, visit The Tool Kit for Rhetorical Analysis. Examples and Observations An integral part of language, figures of speech  are found in oral literatures, as well as in polished poetry and prose and in everyday speech. Greeting-card rhymes, advertising slogans, newspaper headlines, the captions of cartoons, and the  mottoes of families and institutions often use figures of speech, generally for humorous, mnemonic, or eye-catching purposes. The argots of  sports, jazz, business, politics, or any specialized groups abound in figurative language. Most figures in everyday speech are formed by extending the vocabulary of what is already familiar and better known to what is less well  known.(Merriam-Websters Readers Handbook.  Merriam-Webster, 1997)The Figures as Ways of Seeing- The vast pool of terms for verbal ornamentation has acted like a gene pool for the rhetorical imagination, stimulating us to look at language in another way. . . . The figures have worked historically to teach a way of seeing.(Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 2nd ed. University  of California Press, 1991)- The most excellent ornaments, exornations, lightes, flowers, and formes of speech, commonly called the figures of rhetorike. By which the singular partes of mans mind, are most aptly expressed, and the sundrie affections of his heart most effectuallie uttered.(Henry Peacham, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593) Language Is Not the Frosting, Its the CakeIf, as Terence McKenna contended, the world is actually made of language, then metaphors and similes (puns, too, I might add) extend the dimensions and expand the possibilities of the world. When both innovative and relevant, they can wake up a reader, make him or her aware, through elasticity of verbiage, that reality- in our daily lives as well as in our stories- is less prescribed than tradition has led us to believe. . . .Ultimately, I use figures of speech to deepen the readers subliminal understanding of the person, place, or thing thats being described. That, above everything else, validates their role as a highly effective literary device. If nothing else, they remind reader and writer alike that language is not the frosting, its the cake.(Tom Robbins, What Is the Function of Metaphor? Wild Ducks Flying Backward. Bantam, 2005)The Plasticity of LanguageThe figurings of speech reveal to us the apparently limitless plasticity of language itself. We are confronted, inescapably, with the intoxicating possibility that we can make language do for us almost anything we want. Or at least a Shakespeare can.(Arthur Quinn, Figures of Speech: 60 Ways To Turn A Phrase. Routledge, 1995) SchemesThe Greeks called them schemes, a better word than figures, because they serve as persuasive tricks and rules of thumb. While Shakespeare had to memorize more than 200 of them in grammar school, the basic ones arent hard to learn. . . .Figures of speech change ordinary language through repetition, substitution, sound, and wordplay. They mess around with words- skipping them, swapping them, and making them sound different.(Jay Heinrichs, Thank You for Arguing. Three Rivers Press, 2007)Figures of Argument and Figures of StyleWe consider a figure to be argumentative if it brings about a change of perspective, and its use seems normal in relation to this new situation. If, on the other hand, the speech does not bring about the adherence of the hearer to this argumentative form, the figure will be considered an embellishment, a figure of style. It can excite admiration, but this will be on the aesthetic plane, or in recognition of the speakers originality.(Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Translated by J. Wilkinson and P. Weaver. University  of Notre Dame Press, 1969) Figures of Speech in EconomicsFigures of speech are  not mere frills. They think for us. Says Heidegger, Die Spracht spricht, nicht der Mensch: The language speaks, not the human speaker. Someone who thinks of a market as an invisible hand and the organization of work as a production function and her coefficients as being significant, as an economist does, is giving the language a lot of responsibility. It seems a good idea to look hard at the language.(Deirdre N. McCloskey, The Rhetoric of Economics, 2nd ed.  University of Wisconsin Press, 1998)Figures of Speech and ThoughtThe real nature of the relation of figures to thought is very generally misunderstood. The majority of rhetoricians treat of them as mere ornaments, which render a discourse more pleasing, and which may be used or rejected at pleasure. Some writers- as, for example, Lockecondemn their employment in works intended to convey knowledge and truth; they are pronounced inventions, which serve only to insinuate wrong ideas, move the passions, and mislead the judgment.But instead of being inventions of art, they are the natural, and therefore necessary and universal forms, in which excited imagination and passion manifest themselves. The young and the old, the barbarous and the civilized, all employ them unconsciously. Languages in their earlier state are highly figurative; as they grow older they lose their natural picturesqueness and become collections of lifeless symbols. These abstract forms are regarded by rhetoricians and grammarians as the natural and ordinary forms of speech, and so they describe figures as departures from the usual forms of expression.(Andrew D. Hepburn, Manual of English Rhetoric, 1875) Figures of Speech as (Metaphorical) Dance Moves[Figures of speech] are like the steps a ballet dancer might perform as part of a longer routine: for instance, pirouette (spinning on tiptoes), grand jetà © (jumping  horizontally with legs extended backward and forward),  and chassà © (sliding with legs bent). These dance moves, like the figures, are units of performance:  we can point to them, describe  how they are formed, and judge whether they are executed effectively or not. There are no rigid rules about how they might be combined or incorporated into a broader performance. Like dance moves, the figures of speech are  vehicles for managing interactions between performer and audience while shaping  the latters perceptions of what they see or read. They are also already in circulation and thus  part  of a general repertoire for performance. For this reason, they carry meanings and values that exceed an individual performers use of them. In other words, they come w ith baggage- most of it positive, but some negative.(Chris Holcomb and M. Jimmie Killingsworth,  Performing Prose: The Study and Practice of Style in Composition.  Southern Illinois University Press, 2010) The Lighter Side of Figures of SpeechRocket: I have a plan! I have a plan!Drax: Cease your yammering, and relieve us from this irksome confinement.Peter Quill: Yeah, I’ll have to agree with the walking thesaurus on that  one.Drax: Do not ever call me a  thesaurus.Peter Quill: Its just a metaphor, Dude.Rocket: His people are completely literal. Metaphors are gonna go over his  head.Drax: Nothing goes over my head. My reflexes are too  fast. I would catch it.Gamora: Im gonna die surrounded by the biggest idiots in the galaxy.(Guardians of the Galaxy, 2014) Pronunciation: FIG-yurz uv SPEECH

Theories behind Pricing Strategy As Applied By Apple Company Research Paper

Theories behind Pricing Strategy As Applied By Apple Company - Research Paper Example Regardless of whether or not a company’s product is the best in the market in terms of quality, the company must set a price that convinces the ordinary consumer of the quality of the product. This implies that the price of the product must match the quality of the product sold. In setting a price for a product, a company must take into consideration the nature of the market in which it operates. This includes analyzing the prices charged by competitors in the market. This is because regardless of the quality of the product that a company intends to introduce in the market, consumers will always compare the prices of all the companies in the industry and match them with the quality in arriving at a decision on which company to buy from. In this regard, marketing experts argue that for a company to attract customers, it must ensure that the prices charged are not too high or too low compared to those of its competitors (Griffin, 2013). Secondly, an effective marketing strategy that a company adopts must take into consideration the cost. As such, in setting a price, a company must first calculate all the cost incurred in the development of the product and subtract it from the revenue sources. This helps in determining the minimum profit margin that a company needs in order to break even. The price at which a company will break even should always be the list price at which the product may be priced (Landsburg, 2011). Thirdly, a good pricing strategy must take into consideration the consumers and the demand for the product to be introduced in the market in order to calculate the maximum price that the consumers may be willing and ready to pay for the product. Once this has been determined, the next step is to use the profit margin goal and competitor information to choose the best price to sell the product (Griffin, 2013). Apple’s Application of Pricing Theory Product prices are determined in three different ways namely cost-based, competition-based, or demand-based. In cost-based pricing, the price of a product is fixed based entirely on the cost of production and the desired profit without factoring in the demand aspects. In competitive-based pricing, the prices are set based on the competitor prices for a similar product. In demand-based prices, the prices are fixed based on the price rage that consumers are willing and ready to pay (Griffin, 2013). Apple is one of the electronic companies that have succeeded in the electronic industry. The company is known for quality phones such as the iPhones and other electronic products. Many people have often wondered how Apple has managed to achieve so much successes despite the stiff competition it faces from other giant companies such as Samsung, Nokia, and LG. An analysis shows that apart from the quality of the products it sells, the company has also succeeded due to the pricing strategy that it adopts. In this regard, the analysis shows that Apple adopts a cost-based pricing strat egy, which is purely based on its cost of production and the desired profit margin. According to the company, its prices are not fixed with the demand aspects in mind. Rather, they are fixed with the profit margin that it intends to generate in mind. This explains why the prices of Apple products are relatively more expensive than those of its compactors. Apple is a company that

Purchase Behavior Of Consumers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Purchase Behavior Of Consumers - Assignment Example The current sample is predominantly female, composing 83% of the sample. On the other hand, the remainder 17% are males. On civil status, the sample consists of 32% married respondents, and 68% single respondents.   The profile of the sample in terms of age is as follows: 25-

Law of evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law of evidence - Essay Example One example is the case of R v Cannings [2004], where the convictions for the murder of the defendant's sons were quashed on the basis of new medical evidence which discredited the expert witness at trial.2 Although the expert witness (a doctor) was a recognised professional in his field at the time, evidence later showed that his account of what he thought took place was actually fabricated and not backed by the evidence.3 Although the test at the time was passed, the actual quality of the evidence was controversial, so even in this case where the doctor was seemingly an expert at the time, his testimony proved to be damaging at trial. "The better and now more widely accepted view is that so long as a field is sufficiently well-established to pass the ordinary tests of relevance and reliability, then no enhanced test for admissibility should be applied, but the weight of the evidence should be established by the same adversarial forensic techniques applicable elsewhere."4 This test is the current common-law test in order to determine if expert testimony should be submitted. The case involved lip reading evidence being questioned as it is not an exact science or profession; the court held that this passed the test for relevance and reliability which is all that was needed to be allowed. Here, although the validity of the expert evidence was questioned, it proved to be accurate and sufficient. Another case which operated along these lines is that of R v Dallagher (Mark Anthony) [2002], which involved the admission of an ear-print expert who was brought in to analyse and compare an ear-print found at the crime scene with that of the defendant; the court held that although the field is relatively small, the expert was part of a group which were recognised within the field.5 Expected opinion evidence is used in order to assist the court and jury on matters which lie outside the experience or understanding of ordinary jurors or justices.6 If jurors or justices can be expected to understand evidence from their own view on any issue without such expert assistance, then expert testimony is not to be received, as was held in the case of Folkes v Chadd [1782].7 Trials operate on the premise that "courts and juries do not need psychiatrists to tell them how ordinary folk who are not suffering from mental illness are likely to react to the stresses of life."8 The case of R v Henry; R v Manning [1968] held that low IQ is not a mental illness and expert evidence was not admissible to explain behaviour where no mental illness exists.9 Expert evidence will ordinarily be considered necessary and admissible on matters of science, medicine, authenticity or questions of foreign law.10 There are also dangers with expert

Reflection on the use of a genogram

Reflection on the use of a genogram Genogram is a graphic display of a persons family traits, relationships and also medical history. They go far away from a traditional family tree as they allow the individual to visualize some hereditary patterns and psychological factors that can interrupt or help relationships. Genograms can also be used to identify recurring patterns of behaviors, choices and identify hereditary tendencies. Normally, genograms will illustrate three generations (Krasner-Khait, 2000). The person can use a variety of lines to indicate relationships and names (see example below). A genogram not only will identify the names of people that belong to the persons family lineage, but also how those people interact with each other. Depends on the reason the person is using the genonogram, he/she may note the date of births, deaths, marriages and in the case of a career, the person might also include family members careers and positions as well. In relation to career counseling, King (2010) stated if a person is not sure which field is right for him/her a genogram may be helpful. Genogram is a diagram, like a family tree, that represents the career positions of family members. It gives the person an idea of the types of jobs he/she may naturally be good at. Genogram can clearly reveal how the family career choices have influenced the persons career preferences. There is no doubt that by identifying the family career choices the person can notice how his/her family members expectations had shaped his/her own career aspirations and decision making. Picture1.png Sample of a career Genogram Brief historical background The origin of the use of the word genogram is still a mystery. The term genogram was first suggested in 1978 by Dr. Murray Bowen to substitute the longer term family diagram. Dr. Bowen started to use the new term genogram during the late 1960s by Bowen System Therapists and by the 1970s it was broadly accepted by the community. As the concept was broadly accepted in the promising field of family medicine, the North American Primary Care Research Group (NAPCRG) undertook the job to standardize the symbols. The person involved in coordinating the standardization during the 1980s was Monica Goldrick (What is a Genogram?, 2011). In 1985 through the publication of a book Genograms: Assessments and Interventions (1985), by Monica Goldrick and Randy Gerson the term was rapidly popularized in clinical settings. Since then the use of genogram has been used by various professional field such as education, medicine, psychiatry, psychology, genetics and many more. Throughout the time, genograms have been used to incorporate observations about medical history and major traits of each member of the family. Genograms have been also used as instruments to uncover intergenerational models of behaviors, family conflicts and alliances, marriages, family secrets, careers, and any other information that will explain the persons familys current situation (What is a Genogram?, 2011). Basic genogram symbols Genograms are graphics that includes simple symbols that gives information about the family member such as gender and it also includes various lines to illustrate the relationships between them. In a genogram males are represented by a square and female by circles. When illustrating a family, a horizontal line is usually connecting the two parents. The children are below from oldest to youngest and from right to left (What is a Genogram?, 2011). GenogramComponent In a genogram the males are represented by a square on the left and female by circles on the right. When developing a standard genogram, there are usually three different types of children; natural or biological, adopted child, and foster child. If there is a triangle, it represents a pregnancy, abortion or miscarriage. If it is a miscarriage, a diagonal cross is drawn on top of the triangle to specify the death of the fetus; in the case of an abortion, the illustration is similar but with an additional horizontal line. A still birth will be demonstrated the same as its a gender, with the difference that the gender symbol is twice as small though the diagonal cross remains the same size (What is a Genogram?, 2011). GenogramComponent In a family relationship, a horizontal line is used to describe the union of two people but also it could change to describe other family relationships such as separation, divorce, engagement, and so on. The following are the most common symbols used in a family genogram: GenogramComponent This is a typical representation of a married couple; there is no special distinction between a religious or civil marriage. GenogramComponent This graphic represent a married couple not longer living together; the separation is displayed by an oblique line across the horizontal line. GenogramComponent This graphic represent a married couple is separated and have started a legal procedure to be divorced. GenogramComponent This graphic represent a married couple has already been divorced. GenogramComponent This graphic represent that one of the spouse died during the marriage. Although there is a universal understanding on the basic genogram structure and the usage of symbols, there have been some variations from time to time or from author to another. According to GenoPro (2010), as long as the person follows the four basic rules to build a genogram, people will be able to understand the work (What is a Genogram?, 2011). Males should be always at the left and females always at the right. In case of ambiguity, always assume a male and female relationship rather that male to male and so on. A spouse should be always being close to his/her partner, then the second and so on. Oldest child should be always at the left and the youngest ant the right of the family. Genograms in counseling strategies According to Gibson (2005), genograms have been applied effectively in career counseling with adults; however it has been limited use in career counseling with elementary, middle and high school students. A career genogram can be used to show how parental expectations and role models influence career aspirations and educational decisions that can be valuable in helping students in reach their goals. The use of genogram in career counseling offer the student and counselor a clear method of assessing and identifying the career patterns in the childs family. The use of family career genoram is a good way to start improving the students career awareness. This exercise will help support communication between the student and the rest of family members as well as to teach different interview and assessment techniques that will eventually help his/her adulthood career development competencies. According to Niles and Harris-Bowlsbey (2008), adults need to develop positive self-concept or competencies that include a precise understanding of their strengths, interests, abilities, and values and how those characteristics may influence their career decisions. Regarding graduates and adults, career genogram is an effective tool to establish career goals. If the person has a specific interest, the genogram will help on narrow down the career choices in a shorter amount of time. Career genogram might also assist in counseling adults in changing career paths. When developed, the genogram most likely will include different types of jobs or career that can be recognized by different family members (King, 2010). According to Magnuson (2004), family genograms are usually used in the perspective of family counseling, provide a discussion for explaining influences and trends that changes over time and across generations. Genograms can be developed mostly to document a range of family dynamics. They also could be designed with a more concise focus, such as discovering the influence of family on an individuals career decision making process. Career genogram might assist in counseling adults by assisting the client to gather vital information for the life planning process. It might also help recognize patterns that can be of assistance in the career choice process. By developing a genogram, the person will learn to identify his/her strengths and possible limitations of his/her future career. Â   Counselors use it to find out a wide range of information about the family that may not be measured or acknowledge with regular questionnaires or interviews. When discussed with the family this process helps clients generate options for change. Several clients have found an increased understanding of their families revealed ideas about career. Other uses of genogram Counseling Genograms are also used in marriage and family counseling as well as in individual therapy to describe chronological and present information. In family and or marriage counseling, it can show emotions attached to marriage or family roles. Families can recognize the values and strengths of their constructive family patterns and discover problem notions in order to stay away from repeating the same negative behaviors in the future. In individual counseling, genogram might point out recurrent episodes that have impacted the persons self-concept in positive or negative ways and assist the person make mindful choices so will develop healthy patterns and decline those that have harm healthy growth and development (Joy, 2010). Medicine Genograms are used in health care to classify or identify illness, disease and at unsafe lifestyles in the families. It can be used to discover and describe heart disease that goes from generations to generations and first and foremost affecting males. Genograms may be utilized to document family history of obesity as well as diabetes. It can be used to show that an illness may be rejected due to certain lifestyle changes. Genograms may also assist physicians recognize illnesses that have a genetic, element such as cystic fibrosis and hemophilia (Joy, 2010). Personal reflection on the use of a genogram Career genogram might assist in counseling adults by assisting the client to gather vital information for the life planning process. It can also help to recognize patterns that can help in the career choice process. By developing a genogram, the person will learn to identify his/her strengths and possible limitations of his/her future career. One of the trends in my family is that our family rules played an important role in forecasting the family members behaviors and beliefs thus career decision making. For example, my family was raised in a healthy and functional environment which made us being more resilient and develops autonomy. Although most of us worked in the bank industry in a certain time of our careers, our beliefs and the way we were raised will certainly have an effect on our career development. It helped us have more flexibility in choosing a career and knowing what we want from a specific career. Not all of the family members went to college and only two of us have gr aduate degrees. As each family member was preparing for his/her professional life, our parents encouraged us to have personal autonomy while remaining related or connected to the family. They never imposed a specific idea or profession as long as we do it with dignity and respect. We had the opportunity to discuss with the family our needs and problems which gave us the support necessary to develop maturity in our career decision process. Another pattern, biases, or diversity found while doing a career genogram is that each one of us chose a different career path but all of them are involved in helping or assisting others. Although I am the only one in between my brothers and sisters currently working in the mental health field, there are already members of the next generation (nephews, nieces and cousins) showing interest in the field as well. One of this writer future goals is to have a private practice or own business which is a common trend as few of my family members have already been entrepreneurs or business owners. Career counseling helps the client build high motivational level by understanding the persons professional needs and wants. Genogram is an important tool in career counseling process as it helps with various aspects of personal insight, support and greater understanding based on family history. Along with other interventions, genogram help the counselor achieve one of the ultimate goals of career counseling which is to ensure that every client set goals and give his/her best in reaching them while understanding his/her strengths and values not to only enhance his/her work skills but to reveal the persons hidden ingenuity.

Economics Question Jaibb

PAPER 6 : ACCOUNTING FOR FINANCIAL SERVICES Full Marks : 100 Module A: Introduction and Environment †¢ Purpose, Nature, Uses and Users of Accounting Information, Functional and Operational Definition of Accounting, Accounting Principles, Standards and Regulations, Forms of Business Organizations and Accounting systems. Module B: Analysis of Financial Statement †¢Objectives of Financial Statement Analysis, Financial Statement Analysis, Horizontal and Vertical Analysis, Comparative Financial Statements, Communize Statements, Financial Ration Analysis, Trend Percentage, Specialized Analysis, Cash Forecasts, Analysis of Changes in Financial Position, Break-Even Analysis, Cash Flow Statement, Unadjusted Trial Balance and Adjustments. Module C: Processing and Recording of Accounting Information †¢Transaction, Analysis of Transaction, Accounting Cycle, Recording of Transaction, Double Entry System, Golden Rule of Debit and Credit, Posting of transactions to the Ledger, T Form and Multi Column Ledger, Preparation of Cash Book, Single Column, Double Column and Triple Column Cash Book, Preparation of Trial Balance, Suspense Accounts, Reflection of Errors Adjusting Entries and Closing Entries Accrued and Deferred Revenue and Expenses. Module D: Financial Statements for Different Entities †¢ †¢ †¢Service, Merchandise and Manufacturing Operation: Income Statement, Cost of Goods Sold, Cash Flow Statement, Balance Sheet, Limitation of Balance Sheet. Partnership and Joint Stock Companies: Specific Characteristics of Financial Statements of Partnership – Capital Account, Current Account, Profit and Loss Adjustments Account. Distinguishing Characteristics of Financial Statements of Companies. Banks and Other Financial Institutions: Provisions of Bank Company Act, 1991 (with Amendments), Preparation of Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet of Banks.Provisions of Financial Institutions Act, 1993 (with Amendments), Preparation of Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet of Financial Institutions. Module E: Accounting for Assets †¢ Current Assets: Inventory Valuation, Periodic and Perpetual Method for Ascertaining Closing Inventory, Average, Last In First Out (LIFO), First In First Out (FIFO), Account Receivables. †¢ Fixed Assets: Depreciation Methods, Recording of Depreciation, Valuation of Fixed Assets, Depreciation as a Cost Allocation. Module F: Journal Rules for Journalizing †¢Different Types of Journals, Sub-Division of Journals, Posting of Accounts, Ledger, Interpretation of Ledger Account, Writing of Different Types of Cash Book in Columnar Form, Imprest System of Petty Cash, Bank Reconciliation System, Journal Proper. References 1 2 3 4 5 Anthony, Reece – Accounting Principles (Richard D, Irwin, Inc. U. S. A. ). Anthony, Robert N. – Essentials of Accounting (IRWIN, U. S. A. ). Harmenson, Edwards, MAHER – Accounting Principles (IRWIN, U. S. A. ). Khan, Md. Mainuddin – Advanced Accounting (Ideal Library, Dhaka). Weygandt, Kieso Kell – Accounting Principles (John Wiley and Sons Inc. U. S. A. ).

Master of Business Administration Essay

Have you ever deployed your best team to resolve a problem and have the team execute flawlessly, only to find that the problem that was solved did not address the customer’s real need? This common scenario is often the source of widespread customer dissatisfaction and is all too prevalent in today’s nonprofit business environment where valuable resources are needlessly and inadvertently wasted because problems are not accurately identified. Given the fast pace of change in today’s market and the high volume of information that inundate leaders on a daily basis, it is essential to have an approach for identifying key organizational issues. Problems often arise at the senior leadership level and those leaders need to suppress their natural inclination to immediately solve the problem. The tendency to react (Ready, fire, aim) often leads to less creative solutions that may not meet the real need. It is critical that a structured, deliberate approach be taken to solve complex problems in order to arrive at a solution that will allow effective collaboration among all the key knowledge experts, so that they can generate useful ideas and achieve the desired result. A Structured Approach to Problem Solving: Creative Problem Solving Buffaloâ„ ¢ Accurately framing the problem is the most important step of the Creative Problem Solving –Buffalo (â€Å"CPSB†) process. It is imperative to understand the problem and what makes the CPSB process effective is that it provides a structure, language, and tools for targeting opportunities. The problem identification framework under the CPSB model begins with the ‘Task Appraisal Process. The Task Appraisal Process has four elements: * People – Are the right people working on the tasks; do they have the authority and responsibility to take action; what level of sponsorship is being provided; do the people have the necessary knowledge and skill to address the problem? * Outcomes – Is there a clear understanding of the desired outcome; is a current process being improved or are a new process being created; what are the most and least important aspects of the problem; how is the outcome that is desired different from what exits currently? Context – What has been tried before to address this issue; does it link to the strategic priorities; are there the necessary resources (time, money, people, etc)? * Method – How familiar are the people with the problem solving tools/methods that will be used? The Task Appraisal Process can be applied in a wide range of scenarios. Here are a few examples: * Interviewing clients to evaluate and determine which problems to address and more effectively position services. Leading a group of cross functional leaders to develop a consensus on the important issue to solve and streamline the engagement. * Improving or repairing relationships with a previous client or organization. Identifying the Problem and example To lead customers in the problem solving process, it is important to determine the customer’s level of understanding of their problem. The selection of appropriate tools and techniques to facilitate the process will depend on the specificity of the issue. Are they broad challenges or opportunities? (e. g. â€Å"My grant process takes too long. †) * Do they need to close the gap between current and future state? (e. g. â€Å"How can we better understand the grant approval process? †) * Do they understand their current state? (e. g. â€Å"Can we articulate the current cycle time, how much does it cost today? Do we have the data to support our current assumptions? â€Å") Tools and Techniques Structuring and framing the issues at the front end of the process is critical to successfully implementing the process. This approach provides users with a variety of tools ranging from idea generation to action planning and these tools used in conjunction with the process guidelines allow the user to achieve the desired result. The power is in the execution and the tools for executing the process are categorized into three areas: * Generating ideas – Incremental change or step change will determine the appropriate and most productive use of the nine available tools. * Focusing – There are eight tools that can compress a large quantity of options or others that are suited for in-depth analysis and development. Facilitation – It is a leadership role. They need to know how to use a range of creativity methods, tools, and techniques as well as manage group dynamics and move the group toward the desired outcome. The highly skilled facilitator will understand, plan, and manage the process to reach the desired outcome. A structured approach along with the proper tools and techniques can result in solving numerous issues that organizations face on a daily basis. It may take a little more time on the front end to identify the correct problem, but the ideas and solutions generated by the team will meet the needs and desires of your customers.

44 Resume Writing Tips

44 Resume Writing Tips 44 Resume Writing Tips 44 Resume Writing Tips By Daniel Scocco Having a solid and effective resume can greatly improve your chances of landing that dream job. That is beyond discussion. How does one make sure that his resume is top notch and bullet proof, however? There are several websites with tips around the web, but most bring just a handful of them. We wanted to put them all together in a single place, and that is what you will find below: 44 resume writing tips. 1. Know the purpose of your resume Some people write a resume as if the purpose of the document was to land a job. As a result they end up with a really long and boring piece that makes them look like desperate job hunters. The objective of your resume is to land an interview, and the interview will land you the job (hopefully!). 2. Back up your qualities and strengths Instead of creating a long (and boring) list with all your qualities (e.g., disciplined, creative, problem solver) try to connect them with real life and work experiences. In other words, you need to back these qualities and strengths up, else it will appear that you are just trying to inflate things. 3. Make sure to use the right keywords Most companies (even smaller ones) are already using digital databases to search for candidates. This means that the HR department will run search queries based on specific keywords. Guess what, if your resume doesnt have the keywords related to the job you are applying for, you will be out even before the game starts. These keywords will usually be nouns. Check the job description and related job ads for a clue on what the employer might be looking for. You can read more about resume keywords on the article Tapping the Power of Keywords to Enhance Your Resumes Effectiveness. 4. Use effective titles Like it or not, employers will usually make a judgment about your resume in 5 seconds. Under this time frame the most important aspect will be the titles that you listed on the resume, so make sure they grab the attention. Try to be as descriptive as possible, giving the employer a good idea about the nature of your past work experiences. For example: Bad title: Accounting Good title: Management of A/R and A/P and Recordkeeping 5. Proofread it twice It would be difficult to emphasize the importance of proofreading your resume. One small typo and your chances of getting hired could slip. Proofreading it once is not enough, so do it twice, three times or as many as necessary. If you dont know how to proofread effectively, here are 8 tips that you can use, or use a grammar checker. 6. Use bullet points No employer will have the time (or patience) to read long paragraphs of text. Make sure, therefore, to use bullet points and short sentences to describe your experiences, educational background and professional objectives. 7. Where are you going? Including professional goals can help you by giving employers an idea of where you are going, and how you want to arrive there. You dont need to have a special section devoted to your professional objectives, but overall the resume must communicate it. The question of whether or not to highlight your career objectives on the resume is a polemic one among HR managers, so go with your feeling. If you decide to list them, make sure they are not generic. 8. Put the most important information first This point is valid both to the overall order of your resume, as well as to the individual sections. Most of the times your previous work experience will be the most important part of the resume, so put it at the top. When describing your experiences or skills, list the most important ones first. 9. Attention to the typography First of all make sure that your fonts are big enough. The smaller you should go is 11 points, but 12 is probably safer. Do not use capital letters all over the place, remember that your goal is to communicate a message as fast and as clearly as possible. Arial and Times are good choices. 10. Do not include no kidding information There are many people that like to include statements like Available for interview or References available upon request. If you are sending a resume to a company, it should be a given that you are available for an interview and that you will provide references if requested. Just avoid items that will make the employer think no kidding! 11. Explain the benefits of your skills Merely stating that you can do something will not catch the attention of the employer. If you manage to explain how it will benefit his company, and to connect it to tangible results, then you will greatly improve your chances. 12. Avoid negativity Do not include information that might sound negative in the eyes of the employer. This is valid both to your resume and to interviews. You dont need to include, for instance, things that you hated about your last company. 13. Achievements instead of responsibilities Resumes that include a long list of responsibilities included are plain boring, and not efficient in selling yourself. Instead of listing responsibilities, therefore, describe your professional achievements. 14. No pictures Sure, we know that you are good looking, but unless you are applying for a job where the physical traits are very important (e.g., modeling, acting and so on), and unless the employer specifically requested it, you should avoid attaching your picture to the resume. 15. Use numbers This tip is a complement to the 13th one. If you are going to describe your past professional achievements, it would be a good idea to make them as solid as possible. Numbers are your friends here. Dont merely mention that you increased the annual revenues of your division, say that you increased them by $100,000, by 78%, and so on. 16. One resume for each employer One of the most common mistakes that people make is to create a standard resume and send it to all the job openings that they can find. Sure it will save you time, but it will also greatly decrease the chances of landing an interview (so in reality it could even represent a waste of time). Tailor your resume for each employer. The same point applies to your cover letters. 17. Identify the problems of the employer A good starting point to tailor your resume for a specific employer is to identify what possible problems he might have at hand. Try to understand the market of the company you are applying for a job, and identify what kind of difficulties they might be going through. After that illustrate on your resume how you and your skills would help to solve those problems. 18. Avoid age discrimination It is illegal to discriminate people because of their age, but some employers do these considerations nonetheless. Why risk the trouble? Unless specifically requested, do not include your age on your resume. 19. You dont need to list all your work experiences If you have job experiences that you are not proud of, or that are not relevant to the current opportunity, you should just omit them. Mentioning that you used to sell hamburgers when you were 17 is probably not going to help you land that executive position. 20. Go with what you got If you never had any real working experience, just include your summer jobs or volunteer work. If you dont have a degree yet, mention the title and the estimated date for completion. As long as those points are relevant to the job in question, it does not matter if they are official or not. 21. Sell your fish Remember that you are trying to sell yourself. As long as you dont go over the edge, all the marketing efforts that you can put in your resume (in its content, design, delivery method and so on) will give you an advantage over the other candidates. 22. Dont include irrelevant information Irrelevant information such as political affiliation, religion and sexual preference will not help you. In fact it might even hurt your chances of landing an interview. Just skip it. 23. Use Mr. and Ms. if appropriate If you have a gender neutral name like Alex or Ryan make sure to include the Mr. or Ms. prefix, so that employers will not get confused about your gender. 24. No lies, please Seems like a no brainer, but you would be amused to discover the amount of people that lie in their resumes. Even small lies should be avoided. Apart from being wrong, most HR departments do background checks these days, and if you are buster it might ruin your credibility for good. 25. Keep the salary in mind The image you will create with your resume must match the salary and responsibility level that you are aiming for. 26. Analyze job ads You will find plenty of useful information on job ads. Analyze no only the ad that you will be applying for, but also those from companies on the same segment or offering related positions. You should be able to identify what profile they are looking for and how the information should be presented. 27. Get someone else to review your resume Even if you think you resume is looking kinky, it would be a good idea to get a second and third opinion about it. We usually become blind to our own mistakes or way of reasoning, so another people will be in a good position to evaluate the overall quality of your resume and make appropriate suggestions. 28. One or two pages The ideal length for a resume is a polemic subject. Most employers and recruiting specialists, however, say that it should contain one or two pages at maximum. Just keep in mind that, provided all the necessary information is there, the shorter your resume, the better. 29. Use action verbs A very common advice to job seekers is to use action verbs. But what are they? Action verbs are basically verbs that will get noticed more easily, and that will clearly communicate what your experience or achievement were. Examples include managed, coached, enforced and planned. Here you can find a complete list of action verbs divided by skill category. 30. Use a good printer If you are going to use a paper version of your resume, make sure to use a decent printer. Laser printers usually get the job done. Plain white paper is the preferred one as well. 31. No hobbies Unless you are 100% sure that some of your hobbies will support you candidacy, avoid mentioning them. I know you are proud of your swimming team, but share it with your friends and not with potential employers. 32. Update your resume regularly It is a good idea to update your resume on a regular basis. Add all the new information that you think is relevant, as well as courses, training programs and other academic qualifications that you might receive along the way. This is the best way to keep track of everything and to make sure that you will not end up sending an obsolete document to the employer. 33. Mention who you worked with If you have reported or worked with someone that is well known in your industry, it could be a good idea to mention it on the resume. The same thing applies to presidents and CEOs. If you reported to or worked directly with highly ranked executives, add it to the resume. 34. No scattered information Your resume must have a clear focus. If would cause a negative impression if you mentioned that one year you were studying drama, and the next you were working as an accountant. Make sure that all the information you will include will work towards a unified image. Employers like decided people. 35. Make the design flow with white space Do not jam your resume with text. Sure we said that you should make your resume as short and concise as possible, but that refers to the overall amount of information and not to how much text you can pack in a single sheet of paper. White space between the words, lines and paragraphs can improve the legibility of your resume. 36. Lists all your positions If you have worked a long time for the same company (over 10 years) it could be a good idea to list all the different positions and roles that you had during this time separately. You probably had different responsibilities and developed different skills on each role, so the employer will like to know it. 37. No jargon or slang It should be common sense, but believe me, it is not. Slang should never be present in a resume. As for technical jargon, do not assume that the employer will know what you are talking about. Even if you are sending your resume to a company in the same segment, the person who will read it for the first time might not have any technical expertise. 38. Careful with sample resume templates There are many websites that offer free resume templates. While they can help you to get an idea of what you are looking for, do not just copy and paste one of the most used ones. You certainly dont want to look just like any other candidate, do you? 39. Create an email proof formatting It is very likely that you will end up sending your resume via email to most companies. Apart from having a Word document ready to go as an attachment, you should also have a text version of your resume that does not look disfigured in the body of the email or in online forms. Attachments might get blocked by spam filters, and many people just prefer having the resume on the body of the email itself. 40. Remove your older work experiences If you have been working for 20 years or more, there is no need to have 2 pages of your resume listing all your work experiences, starting with the job at the local coffee shop at the age of 17! Most experts agree that the last 15 years of your career are enough. 41. No fancy design details Do not use a colored background, fancy fonts or images on your resume. Sure, you might think that the little flowers will cheer up the document, but other people might just throw it away at the sight. 42. No pronouns You resume should not contain the pronouns I or me. That is how we normally structure sentences, but since your resume is a document about your person, using these pronouns is actually redundant. 43. Dont forget the basics The first thing on your resume should be your name. It should be bold and with a larger font than the rest of the text. Make sure that your contact details are clearly listed. Secondly, both the name and contact details should be included on all the pages of the resume (if you have more than one). 44. Consider getting professional help If you are having a hard time to create your resume, or if you are receiving no response whatsoever from companies, you could consider hiring a professional resume writing service. There are both local and online options are available, and usually the investment will be worth the money. 45. Leverage online tools to write your resume You can find several tools online that will remove part of the burden and complexity of writing the perfect resume. Some of them will give you a starting template, others will help with the formatting and so on. You can find suggestions for 10 tools and resources on this post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Cannot or Can Not?The Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

Fascinating Facts About Centipedes

Fascinating Facts About Centipedes Centipedes (one hundred legs in Latin) are Arthropods, members of an invertebrate class that includes insects, spiders, and crustaceans. All centipedes belong to the class Chilopoda, which includes about 3,300 different species. They are found on every continent except Antarctica, and they have the greatest diversity in shape and configuration in warm and tropical environments. Most centipedes are adapted to burrowing and live in soil or leaf litter, under the bark of trees or beneath stones. Centipede bodies include six head segments (three of which are mouthparts), a pair of poisonous maxillipeds (foot jaws), a variously numbered series of trunk leg-bearing segments, and two genital segments. Their heads have two antennae and a varying number of paired compound eyes (called ocelli). Some cave-dwelling species are blind. Each legged segment is made up of an upper and lower shield covered by a cuticle and separated from the next segment by a flexible membrane. Centipedes periodically shed their cuticle, which allows them to grow. Their body length ranges from 4 to 300 millimeters (.16–12 inches), with most species measuring between 10 and 100 mm (.4–4 in). Centipedes Never Have 100 Legs Though their common name means one hundred legs, centipedes can have significantly more or less than 100 legs- but never 100. Depending on the species, a centipede can have as few as 15 pairs of legs or as many as 191 pairs. Regardless of the species, centipedes always have an odd number of leg pairs, so they never have exactly 100 legs (because 50 is an even number). The easiest way to differentiate centipedes and millipedes  is as follows: Millipedes have two pairs of legs on most body segments, but centipedes always have a single pair of legs per segment. Not sure what youve found? Just count how many pairs of legs are on a segment. The Number of Legs Changes Throughout Their Lives Should a centipede find itself in the grip of a bird or other predator, it can often escape by sacrificing a few legs. The bird is left with a beak full of legs, and the clever centipede makes a fast escape on those that remain. Since centipedes continue to molt as adults, they can usually repair the damage by simply regenerating legs. If you find a centipede with a few legs that are shorter than the others, it is likely in the process of recovering from a predator attack. Though many centipedes hatch from their eggs with a full complement of leg pairs, certain kinds of Chilopods start life with fewer legs than their parents. Stone centipedes (order Lithobiomorpha) and house centipedes (order Scutigeromorpha) start out with as few as 14 legs but add pairs with each successive molt until they reach adulthood. The common house centipede can live as long as five to six years, so thats a lot of legs. Centipedes Are Carnivorous Hunters Though some occasionally scavenge a meal, centipedes are primarily hunters. Smaller centipedes catch other invertebrates, including insects, mollusks, annelids, and even other centipedes. The larger tropical species can consume frogs and small birds. The centipede usually wraps itself around the prey and waits for the venom to take effect before consuming its meal. A centipedes first set of legs are venomous fangs, which they use to inject paralyzing venom from a gland into prey. These special appendages are known as forcipules and are unique to centipedes. Large poison claws partially cover the mouthparts and form part of the feeding apparatus. The last pair of legs are not used for locomotion either but vary in use by species, some for defensive or sensory functions, or prey apprehension, and some for courtship. People Keep Centipedes as Pets Although there are centipede breeders, most centipedes sold in the pet trade are wild-caught. The most commonly sold for pets and zoological displays are giant centipedes from the Scolopendra genus. Pet centipedes are kept in terrariums, with a large surface area, minimum 60 centimeters (24 inches) square for larger species. They require a built substrate of soil and coconut fiber for burrowing, and they can be fed pre-killed crickets, cockroaches, and mealworms weekly or biweekly. They always need a shallow dish of water. Centipedes are aggressive, venomous, and potentially dangerous for humans, especially children. Centipede bites can cause skin damage, bruising, blisters, inflammation, and gangrene. The enclosures should be escape proof, and although centipedes cant climb smooth glass or acrylic, dont provide them a way to climb to reach the lid. They required a minimum humidity of 70 percent; rainforest species need more. Appropriate ventilation can be provided with a grid cover and small holes on the side of the terrarium, but be sure the holes are too small for the centipede to crawl through. Temperate species like it between 20 and 25 C (68–72 F), tropical between 25 and 28 C (77–82.4 F). Dont worry if you dont see your pet centipede out during the day: Centipedes are night creatures and do their hunting after dark. Living With a Centipede Compared to most arthropods, centipedes are relatively long-lived. It is not unusual for a centipede to live for two to three years, and some survive longer than five years. Centipedes continue to molt and grow as adults, unlike insects, which complete their growth when they reach adulthood. You probably wouldnt expect a centipede to be a good mother, but a surprising number of them dote on their offspring. Female soil centipedes (Geophilomorpha) and tropical centipedes (Scolopendromorpha) lay an egg mass in an underground burrow. The mother wraps her body around the eggs, and remains with them until they hatch, protecting them from harm. With the exception of the slow-moving soil centipedes, which are built to burrow, Chilopods can run fast. A centipedes body is suspended in a cradle of long legs. When those legs start moving, this gives the centipede more maneuverability over and around obstacles, as it flees predators or chases prey. The tergites- the dorsal surface of the body segments- may also be modified to keep the body from swaying while in motion. Centipedes Prefer Dark and Moist Environments Arthropods often have a waxy coating on the cuticle to help prevent water loss, but centipedes lack this waterproofing. Most centipedes live in dark, moist environments, like under leaf litter or in damp, rotting wood. Those that inhabit deserts or other arid environments often modify their behavior to minimize the risk of dehydration. They may delay activity until seasonal rains arrive, or when the humidity rises, for example, and diapause during the hottest, driest spells. Sources Capinera, John L. Encyclopedia of Entomology. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media, 2008. Print.Chiariello, Thiago M. Centipede Care and Husbandry. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 24.3 (2015): 326-32. Print.Edgecombe, Gregory D., and Gonzalo Giribet. Evolutionary Biology of Centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda). Annual Review of Entomology 52.1 (2007): 151-70. Print.Triplehorn, Charles A., and Norman F. Johnson. Borror and Delongs Introduction to the Study of Insects. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2004. Print.Undheim, Eivind A. B., and Glenn F. King. On the Venom System of Centipedes (Chilopoda), a Neglected Group of Venomous Animals. Toxicon 57.4 (2011): 512-24. Print.

Steriods in sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Steriods in sports - Essay Example Anabolic steroids are always considered illegal to be used in sporting activities and can only be provided under the prescription of a doctor. They are imperative in the treatment of muscle related abnormalities especially in men; correcting lean muscle growth in men. The non-medical utilization of anabolic steroids is considered illegal and has been banned by variety of sports organizations. In 2005, two major acts geared towards the controlling use of anabolic steroids were amended: The Controlled Substance Act as well as the Anabolic Steroids Control Act (Clinical Aspects) The Controlled Substance Act included the anabolic steroids on the list of other prohibited drugs however some sports men and women continue to use them illegally. The Controlled Substance Act declared that any person found in possession or using anabolic steroids will be charged with committing Federal Crime. The most common anabolic steroids illegally used include; androstenedione, primobolan, tetrahydrogestrinone and clenbuteral (Clinical Aspects) Since the introduction of steroids in the medicinal filed in the early 1950’s to treat various body abnormalities such as the hypogonadism which is a condition associated with very low testosterone production in the human body (males), the application of steroids in various sporting activities have been increasing rapidly among men and women (Clinical Aspects) Steroids use ha been rampant especially in the athletics for men and women; in sports like Bodybuilding the use of steroids has become more accepted to enhance muscle growth and strength. In the early years, other sports such as weight lifting as well as power lifters also encouraged the use steroids, however, the use steroids began rising in most colleges in sports like American Football and also among non-athlete college students. This seen the use of steroids going to level of lower grades in high school up to the Seventh grade

Creating a good system to report medical errors Thesis

Creating a good system to report medical errors - Thesis Example The best solution of the problem is to have comprehensive approach for different aspects of reporting of medical errors and related adverse episodes. The culture of reporting medical errors should be inculcated at all levels including hospitals, clinics, outpatient surgery centers, nursing homes, pharmacies and patients’ home. All the issues associated with reporting should be sorted out. The reporting of medical mistakes can provide invaluable advice to improve medical systems. Building a robust database error reporting system is the step towards delivering quality healthcare. Medical error reporting system should involve both adverse events and close calls nationwide. This will held healthcare providers responsible for any mishap leading to serious injury or even death of the patient. The reporting is automatically going to reduce negligent healthcare errors. This ultimately is going to reflect healthcare system to reach at the highest standard. NYPORTS system of New York de livers information to the state and hospital by identifying, analyzing medical errors and recommends strategies to ameliorate them. IOM has reported that the analysis of errors is very informative. The analysis of deadly mishaps which land up patients to bear life time fatal disabilities might be able to figure out the patterns of system flop. IOM recommends two types of reporting systems: voluntary reporting system and mandatory reporting system. These systems will able to identify potential precursors to errors and it will eventually focus on identifying threats to safety of the patient. The data of the error records should be kept confidential to protect privacy of very individual involved in dealing with particular treatment from patient to healthcare providers. Healthcare providers should be encouraged by their organizations to report committed or observed medical errors during the course of the service to patients. Learning from the mistakes is the